The process of communication consists of the sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. It also includes the essential elements of encoding and decoding.
In order to make communication effective or complete each of the components of the communication process has to perform the desired function satisfactorily.
1. Sender : The sender is a person who sends the message either in written or oral mode. The process of communication begins with the sender. He/She formulates the message and makes necessary arrangements to send it. The sender is the encoder as he/she gives meanings to each word.
2. Message : The message is the idea, facts, thoughts for the content matter in the written or oral form prepared by the sender.
3. Channel : The channel is the medium, agency or vehicle used to transfer or transmit the message from the sender to the receiver and vice-versa.
4. Receiver : The receiver is a person who receives the message. He is called decoder as he tries to find meanings from the message encoded and send by the sender.
5. Feedback : Feedback is the reply, response or reciprocation given by the receiver to the sender. It is an important part of the communication process as without it, communication remains incomplete.
6. Encoding : Encoding is the act of attaching or formulating meaning to the words, symbols or gestures in the message. This activity is performed by the sender while preparing the message to be sent to the receiver. Hence the sender is called the encoder.
7. Decoding : Decoding is the act of finding out the meaning of the words, symbols or gestures used in the message. This work or activity is carried out by the receiver. On receiving the message, the receiver tries to decode the message and prepares to give a response or reply to the sender. Hence the receiver is called the decoder.
To put it in a short and simple way, the sender forms (encodes) the message, and sends it through a suitable channel to the receiver who, in turn, decodes the message and sends a reply or a feedback to the sender.
For example in the process of posting an email, the sender is the composer / writer of the email, the message is the matter written in the composition sheet, the channel in this case is the internet / Computer and the person who receives the email and gives a reply or feedback is the receiver.
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